–Grass encroachment–Coastal protection–Baltic Sea–Landuse–Grazing–Succession Land-use history have a stronger influence than atmospheric N-pollution on the vegetation composition of these acidic, coastalĭunes under low to moderate N-deposition loads of 6–8kgN ha−1yr−1. Site-specific land-use differences such as livestock density and Vegetation changes in coastal dunes over the past 70years. Such as decrease in grazing pressure, additional feeding of livestock, increase in coastal protection measures and subsequentĭecrease in shifting sands as well as varying availability of groundwater and amount of salt spray are relevant factors for 50% cover in 2002), and age and density of trees lower than at the older, central dunes. At the geologically youngest site, the southern dunes, grass encroachment by Carex arenaria was highest (ca. Generally, older successional vegetation units increased and pioneer stages decreased from the 1930s Development, distribution of these dominances and possible causes for its occurrence Tall graminoid communities, mainly Carex arenaria, are a common vegetation unit today. ![]() ![]() History were reviewed by literature and interviews. Abiotic and biotic factors, which have been identified as being criticalįor coastal dunes in former studies such as disturbance, salt spray or nutrient availability, were measured. To vegetation surveys from the late 1980s and 1930s. At three coastal dune sites at the island of Hiddensee, north-east Germany, vegetation cover was mapped during 2002 and compared
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